PETROPHYSICS PERMEABILITY TOOL: A COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATOR

1. Permeability

Simple equation for permeability:

$log k=P+Q.\phi$

Permeability (k): P constant (P): Q constant (Q): Porosity (Φ):

or:

$log k=P+Q.log\phi$

Permeability (k): P constant (P): Q constant (Q): Porosity (Φ):

2. Permeability from Flow Zone Indicator

Kozeny-Carman Equation:

$k=\frac{\phi^{3}}{(1-\phi)^{3}}\left[\frac{1}{F_{s}.\tau^{2}.S^{2}}\right]$

Permeability (k): Porosity (Φ): Shape factor of the tube (Fs): Tortuosity of the tube (τ): Specific surface area (S):

Reservoir Quality Index:

$RQI=0.0314.\sqrt{\frac{k}{\phi}}$

Reservoir Quality Index (RQI): Permeability (k): Porosity (Φ):

Pore Volume to Grain Volum Ratio:

$\phi _{Z}=(\frac{\phi}{1-\phi})$

ΦZ: Φ:

Flow Zone Indicator:

$FZI=\frac{1}{\sqrt{F_{s}}.\tau.S}$

Flow Zone Indicator (FZI): Shape factor of the tube (Fs): Tortuosity of the tube (τ): Specific surface area (S):

Flow Zone Indicator by Amafeule et al. (1993):

$FZI=\frac{RQI}{\phi _{Z}}$

Flow Zone Indicator (FZI): Reservoir Quality Index (RQI): ΦZ:

Permeability:

$k=1014.(FZI)^{2}.\left(\frac{\phi^{3}}{(1-\phi)^{2}}\right)$

Permeability (k): Flow Zone Indicator (FZI): Porosity (Φ):

3. Permeability from Porosity and Irreducible water saturation

Wyllie and Rose (1950):

$k=\frac{P.\phi^{Q}}{Swi^{R}}$

Permeability (k): P constant (P): Porosity (Φ): Q constant (Q): Irreducible water saturation (Swi): R:

Timur (1968):

$k=\frac{0.136.\phi^{4.4}}{Swi^{2}}$

Permeability (k): Porosity (Φ): Irreducible water saturation (Swi):

4. Permeability from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Schlumberger-Doll Research (SDR):

$k=a.T_{2gm}^{2}.\phi^{4}$

Permeability (k): Formation scaling parameter (a): Principal pore radius (T2gm): Porosity (Φ):

Coates et.al (1991):

$k=(\frac{\phi _{NMR}}{C})^{a}.(\frac{FFI}{BVI})^{b}$

Permeability (k): NMR effective porosity (ΦNMR): FFI: BVI:

Reference:

https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-petroleum-paradise/

MENERAPKAN DIAGRAM TERNER OL-OPX-CPX UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN BEKU ULTRABASA

Referensi:

Hanžl, Pavel & Verner, Krystof & Buriánek, David & Šíma, Jiří & Janderkova, Jana & Paleček, Martin & Hroch, Tomáš & Martínek, Karel & Megerssa, Leta & Hrdličková, Kristýna & Metelka, Vaclav. (2019). Basic principles of geological and thematic mapping. 10.13140/RG.2.2.12898.99523.

https://www.alexstrekeisen.it/english/pluto/dunite.php

https://www.mineralienatlas.de/viewF.php?param=1298193877

https://www.mindat.org/min-48416.html

https://www.alexstrekeisen.it/english/pluto/harzburgite.php

https://www.sciencephoto.fr/image/13359949-Websterite

MENERAPKAN DIAGRAM TERNER FAP UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN PLUTONIK

Referensi:

https://www.123rf.com/photo_114964958_macro-photography-of-natural-mineral-from-geological-collection--raw-spreusteined-urtite-rock-on-whi.html

https://geologyistheway.com/igneous/foidolite/

https://www.mindat.org/min-48347.html

https://geologyistheway.com/igneous/foid-monzosyenite/

https://geologyistheway.com/igneous/foid-monzodiorite-and-foid-monzogabbro/

https://geologyistheway.com/igneous/foid-diorite-and-foid-gabbro/

MENERAPKAN DIAGRAM TERNER QAP UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN VULKANIK

Referensi:

Alden, Andrew. "Igneous Rock Ternary Diagrams." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/igneous-rock-classification-diagrams-4122900.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolite
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyodacite
https://www.alexstrekeisen.it/english/vulc/dacite.php
https://geology.com/rocks/andesite.shtml
https://www.alexstrekeisen.it/english/vulc/trachyte.php
https://www.alexstrekeisen.it/english/vulc/latite.php
https://www.sandatlas.org/basalt/

MENERAPKAN DIAGRAM TERNER QAP UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN PLUTONIK

Referensi:

Alden, Andrew. "Igneous Rock Ternary Diagrams." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/igneous-rock-classification-diagrams-4122900.
https://geologyistheway.com/igneous/alkali-feldspar-granite/
https://geologyistheway.com/igneous/quartzolite-and-quartz-rich-granitoid/
https://gotbooks.miracosta.edu/rocks/igneous%20rocks/43.html
https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/RockData?lang=en&language=english&rock=syenogranite
https://en.cubicmineral.com/product-page/monzogranito
https://www.virtualmicroscope.org/content/granodiorite-loch-doon
https://geologyistheway.com/igneous/tonalite/
https://www.virtualmicroscope.org/content/syenite-ben-loyal
https://geologyistheway.com/igneous/alkali-feldspar-syenites/
https://rockidentifier.com/wiki/Monzonite.html
https://www.minrocscience.com/index.php?option=com_eshop&view=product&id=443&catid=15&Itemid=235&lang=en
https://geology.com/rocks/diorite.shtml

PETROPHYSICS POROSITY TOOL: A COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATOR

1. Porosity

Simple equation for total porosity:

Kalkulator Porositas

$\phi=\frac{Vp}{Vb}$

Total porosity (Φ): Volume of void space (Vp): Bulk volume of the rock (Vb):

2. Porosity from density log

Kalkulator Porositas dari Log Densitas

$\rho_{bulk}=\phi.\rho_{fluid}+(1-\phi).\rho_{matrix}$

Bulk density (ρ_bulk): Porosity (Φ): Matrix density (ρ_matrix): Fluid density (ρ_fluid):

Kalkulator Porositas dari Log Densitas II

$\phi_{density}=\frac{\rho_{matrix}-\rho_{bulk}}{\rho_{matrix}-\rho_{fluid}}$

Porosity (Φ_density): Bulk density (ρ_bulk): Fluid density (ρ_fluid): Matrix density (ρ_matrix):

Fluid density if the formation is the hydrocarbon bearing:

Kalkulator Porositas dari Log Densitas II

$\rho_{fluid}=\rho_{mf}.S_{xo}+\rho_{hc}(1-S_{xo})$

Fluid density (ρ_fluid): Density of the mud filtrate (ρ_mf): Saturation of the mud filtrate in the invaded zone (Sxo): Hydrocarbon density (ρ_hc):

Total porosity estimate:

Kalkulator Porositas dari Log Densitas

$\rho_{bulk}=\phi.\rho_{fluid}+V_{sh}.\rho_{sh}+(1-V_{sh}-\phi).\rho_{matrix}$

Bulk density (ρ_bulk): Porosity (Φ): Fluid density (ρ_flu): Shale density (ρ_sh): Volumetric estimate of shale proportion (Vsh): Matrix density (ρ_matrix):

Correct the total porosity to the effective porosity:

Kalkulator Porositas dari Log Densitas III

$\phi_{e}=\phi_{t}-V_{sh}.\phi_{dsh}$

Effective porosity (Φ_e): Total porosity (Φ_t): Shale density (Φ_sh): Volume of shale (V_sh):

3. Porosity from neutron-density log

Kalkulator Porositas dari log neutron density

$\phi_{e}(ND)=\frac{\phi_{Neutron}+\phi_{Density}}{2}+V_{sh}+\frac{\phi_{nsh}+\phi_{dsh}}{2}$

Effective porosity (Φ_e): Neutron porosity log readings (Φ_Neutron): Density porosity log readings (Φ_Density): Volume of shale (V_sh): Shale density (Φ_nsh): Density of shale (Φ_dsh):

4. Porosity from sonic log

The linear interpolation (Willye et.al., 1956):

Kalkulator Porositas dari log sonic

$\phi _{sonic}=\frac{\Delta t-\Delta t_{matrix}}{\Delta t_{fluid}-\Delta t_{matrix}}$

Total porosity from sonic log (Φ_sonic): Acoustic travel time log measurement (Δ_t): Matrix transit time which depend on the lithology of the rock (Δ_{t matrix}): Pore fluid transit time (Δ_{t fluid}):

Raymer-Hunt-Gardner(RHG) transform:

Kalkulator Porositas dari log sonic II

$\frac{1}{\Delta t}=\frac{\phi}{\Delta t_{fluid}}+\frac{1-\phi}{\Delta t_{matrix}}$

Total porosity (Φ): Acoustic travel time log measurement (Δ_t): Matrix transit time which depend on the lithology of the rock (Δ_{t matrix}): Pore fluid transit time (Δ_{t fluid}):

5. Shale volume (Vsh) from neutron density

Kalkulator Porositas dari log sonic

$V_{sh(ND)}=\frac{\phi _{Neutron}-\phi _{Density}}{\phi _{nsh}-\phi _{dsh}}$

Volume of shale (V_sh): Neutron porosity log (Φ_Neutron): Total porosity from density log (Φ_Density): Neutron porosity of shale (Φ_nsh): Density porosity of shale (Φ_dsh):

6. Gamma Ray

Expectation of the API unit log reading of a shale:

Kalkulator Gamma Ray

$GR_{Total}=8U(ppm)+4Th(ppm)+16K(%)$

Gamma ray total (GR_total): Uranium (U): Thorium (Th): Kalium (K):

Analysis of the North American shale composite (NASC) reference standard (Gromet et.al., 1984):

Kalkulator Gamma Ray II

$GR_{Total}=12.3Th(ppm)+2.66U(ppm)+3.2K(%)=121.7APIunit$

Gamma ray total (GR_total): Uranium (U): Thorium (Th): Kalium (K):

7. Shale volume (Vsh) from Gamma Ray

Kalkulator Porositas dari log sonic

$V_{sh}=\frac{GR-GR_{min}}{GR_{max}-GR_{min}}$

Volume of shale (V_sh): Gamma ray (GR): Gamma ray maximum (GR_max): Gamma ray minimum (GR_min):

Larionov equation on Tertiary rock:

Kalkulator Larionov equation

$V_{sh}=0,083.(2^{3,7058-GRI}-1)$

Volume of shale (V_sh): Gamma ray index (GRI):

Larionov older rocks:

Kalkulator Larionov older rocks

$V_{sh}=0,33.(2^{GRI}-1)$

Volume of shale (V_sh): Gamma ray Index (GRI):

If clay volume was the issue:

Kalkulator Larionov older rocks

$V_{cl}=0,6.V_{sh}$

Volume of clay (V_cl): Volume of shale (V_sh):

Steiber equation:

Kalkulator Stieber

$V_{sh}=\frac{3.GRI}{(1+2.GRI)}$

Volume of shale (V_sh): Gamma ray index (GRI):

Kalkulator Stieber

$V_{sh}=\frac{GRI}{(1+c.(1-GRI))}$

Volume of shale (V_sh): Gamma ray index (GRI): (c):

c = 1 → Vsh with the gamma ray index (GRI)

c = 2 → older rocks

c = 3 → Tertiary rocks

Reference:

https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-petroleum-paradise/

catgeoku

PETROPHYSICS PERMEABILITY TOOL: A COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATOR

1. Permeability

Simple equation for permeability:

or:

2. Permeability from Flow Zone Indicator

Kozeny-Carman Equation:

Reservoir Quality Index:

Pore Volume to Grain Volum Ratio:

Flow Zone Indicator:

Flow Zone Indicator by Amafeule et al. (1993):

Permeability:

3. Permeability from Porosity and Irreducible water saturation

Wyllie and Rose (1950):

Timur (1968):

4. Permeability from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Schlumberger-Doll Research (SDR):

Coates et.al (1991):

MENERAPKAN DIAGRAM TERNER OL-OPX-CPX UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN BEKU ULTRABASA

Masukkan data-data berikut:

MENERAPKAN DIAGRAM TERNER FAP UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN PLUTONIK

Masukkan data-data berikut:

MENERAPKAN DIAGRAM TERNER QAP UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN VULKANIK

Masukkan data-data berikut:

Referensi:

MENERAPKAN DIAGRAM TERNER QAP UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN PLUTONIK

Masukkan data-data berikut:

Referensi:

PETROPHYSICS POROSITY TOOL: A COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATOR

1. Porosity

Simple equation for total porosity:

2. Porosity from density log

Fluid density if the formation is the hydrocarbon bearing:

Total porosity estimate:

Correct the total porosity to the effective porosity:

3. Porosity from neutron-density log

4. Porosity from sonic log

The linear interpolation (Willye et.al., 1956):

Raymer-Hunt-Gardner(RHG) transform:

5. Shale volume (Vsh) from neutron density

6. Gamma Ray

Expectation of the API unit log reading of a shale:

Analysis of the North American shale composite (NASC) reference standard (Gromet et.al., 1984):

7. Shale volume (Vsh) from Gamma Ray

Larionov equation on Tertiary rock:

Larionov older rocks:

If clay volume was the issue:

Steiber equation:

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