Have you ever heard of Porifera and Coelenterata? Or is this your first time coming across these terms? Well, whether you're already familiar with them or just hearing about them for the first time, let's learn together! That way, those who don’t know can start to understand, and those who already do can deepen their knowledge.
The cartoon character SpongeBob from the show SpongeBob SquarePants is actually a type of Porifera. Meanwhile, corals and jellyfish are types of Coelenterata. Curious to know more? Just keep scrolling!
PORIFERA
 |
| Life form |
 |
| Fossil form ©️ digitalatlasofancientlife.org |
A. Definition
- Etymology: Porus = pore and Fer = to carry
- Terminology: Invertebrate animals whose bodies have many pores.
B. Characteristics
- Multicellular (metazoa)
- Body shape resembles a cup or flower vase
- Consists of two cell layers (diploblastic)
- Has small pores called ostia
- Reproductive cells are called archaeocytes
- The sponge body (spongin) is made of soft, porous spongin fibers, giving it a sponge-like appearance
- Between the epidermis and choanocytes, there is a middle layer made of gelatinous material
- Mostly lives in shallow marine environments
C. Taxonomix Level
- Phylum: Porifera
D. Class Division
a. Calcarea (Calcispongiae)
- Body framework (spicules) is made of calcium carbonate
- Lives in shallow seas
- Spicules are monoaxon and triaxon in shape
 |
| Life form |
 |
| Fossil form ©️ digitalatlasofancientlife.org |
b. Hexactinellidae
- The body framework (spicules) is composed of silica/sand/quartz
- Lives in deep-sea environments
- Spicules are triaxon with six branches
 |
| Life form |
 |
| Fossil form ©️ digitalatlasofancientlife.org |
c. Demospongiae
- The body framework (spicules) consists of sponge fibers
- Lives in both deep and shallow seas
- Spicules can be monoaxon or tetraxon in shape
 |
| Life form |
 |
| Fossil form ©️ digitalatlasofancientlife.org |
d. Stromatoporoidea (extinct)
- Has horizontal layers called laminae and vertical structures called pillars
 |
| Fossil form ©️ digitalatlasofancientlife.org |
e. Archaeocyatida (extinct)
- Has a planktonic larval stage that allows wide dispersal
- Similar to true sponges
 |
| Bentuk fosil ©️ digitalatlasofancientlife.org |
E. Morphology
 |
| Body morphology |
 |
| Body shape |
 |
| Spicule shape |
 |
| Spicules under the microscope |
F. Index Fossils
- Archaeocyatida: Early Cambrian – Middle Cambrian
- Stromatoporoidea: Ordovician – Quaternary
- Chaetetida: Ordovician – Quaternary
COELENTERATA/CNIDARIA
A. Definition
- Etymology: Coelēs: cavity and Enteron: intestine
- Terminology: Invertebrate animals that have a body cavity and a tubular body shape with a mouth surrounded by tentacles.
B. Characteristics
- Multicellular
- Tube-like body shape
- Surrounded by tentacles around the mouth
- Body layers consist of ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoglea
- Possesses stinging cells
- Tentacles serve as locomotion organs
- Lives in freshwater and marine environments
C. Taxonomix Level
- Phylum: Coelenterata/Cnidaria
D. Class Division
a. Hydrozoa
- Life cycle generally alternates between polyp and medusa forms
- Lives solitarily
 |
| Life cycle |
b. Scyphozoa
- The life cycle is predominantly in the medusa form
- The medusa is commonly known as a jellyfish
 |
| Life cycle |
c. Anthozoa
- Exists only in the polyp form
- Has colorful tentacles resembling flowers
- Lives in shallow seas in colonies
- Most coelenterate fossils are typically found in this class
 |
| digitalatlasofancientlife.org |
 |
| Morfologi Anthozoa a.Chalice b.Theca c.Septa d.Axial structure e.Columella f.Dissepiments g.Tabulae |
The Anthozoa class is divided into four orders:
1. Tabulata: tabulae are clearly visible, with mural processes present.
 |
| ©️ digitalatlasofancientlife.org |
2. Tabulata: tabulae are clearly visible, with mural processes present.
 |
| ©️ digitalatlasofancientlife.org |
 |
| Polyp |
 |
| Medusa |
F. Index Fossils
Some examples of index fossils include:
- Porites: Eocene
- Thamnasteria: Triassic–Cretaceous
- Cunnolites: Late Cretaceous
- Isastrea: Jurassic
0 comments:
Post a Comment